This research theme delves into Taiwan’s economic security framework and the emerging challenges posed by the new era of technological geopolitics. As a global leader in semiconductor manufacturing, Taiwan has become a pivotal player in the current geopolitical landscape. Whether driving AI performance growth or advancing quantum computing, Taiwan’s semiconductor industry is a cornerstone of cutting-edge technological development. However, this critical node in the global technology supply chain faces significant threats from China. The question of how Taiwan can reform its economic security system to safeguard its national security and interests has become a major international concern. Taiwan’s position in the long-term global supply chain reconfiguration, particularly in collaboration with democratic allies, will hinge on its economic security strategy. This strategy is essential in countering China’s ambitions for technological supremacy. This research theme will analyze the key challenges Taiwan faces in the era of technological geopolitics through policy reports and expert commentary. It aims to offer the international community unique insights from Taiwan, fostering a meaningful platform for multilateral policy discussions.